Drug metabolism noted as xenobiotic metabolism is the biochemical modification of pharmaceutical substances orxenobiotics respectively by living organisms, usually through advanced enzymatic systems. Drug metabolism often turns various chemical compounds into more readily excreted hydrophilic outcomes. The rate of metabolism determines the duration and intensity of a drug's pharmacological action.

Xenobiotic metabolism is the set of metabolic path ways that alter the chemical structure of xenobiotics, which are combination’s foreign to an organism's normal biochemistry, such as medicated drugs and death causing drugs. These pathways are a type of biotransformation present in all basic sets of organisms, and are known to be of ancient origin. These reactions often ply to detoxify poisonous mixtures; however, in few occasions, the intermediates in xenobiotic metabolism can themselves be the cause of toxic effects.
Drug Metabolism is divided into three further phases. In phase I, enzymes introduce reactive or polar groups into xenobiotics. These altered compounds are then conjugated to polar compounds in phase II reactions. These responses are catalyzed by transferee’s enzymes. Finally, in phase III, the conjugated xenobiotics may be further processed, before being known by efflux transporters and pumped out of cells.
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